Department of Chemistry, Shri Paramhans Shikshan Prashikshan Mahavidyalaya, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Avian infections include many different types of diseases that affect both wild and domestic birds all over the world. It possesses serious global threat due to their effect on both human and poultry health leads to burden on economic infrastructure. Several avian infection viruses, like Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV), and West Nile Virus (WNV), have caused significant mortality in bird populations and raised concerns about their ability to infect humans. Among these, alone H5N1 and H7N9 strains of avian influenza are responsible for more than 2,500 human infections incidence worldwide, with 30% to 50% mortality rate. This review tries to explores the explore the different type of viral avian pathogens, their patterns of transmission, and the risks they pose at the animal-human interface. It also highlights critical gaps in research, including less study on transmission, limited post-mortem data in birds, and insufficient vaccine coverage and diagnostic facility in many regions of world.